Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Persuasive Essay The Physician Murmured - 2434 Words
To hear him howling in pain, crying out for our lady mother, tore at my heart. It had started in the early morning hours days before. Was this to be the end of my beloved brother? What would become of me? Make him stop! For the love of God, make him stop! I begged the good physician, who stood, rummaging through his bag of medicines and tools, at the foot of my brother s bed. My Prince, he said without turning, would that I could, but I cannot. Surely, a white-faced guard near the door trembled. Surely there is something you can do? I can make him comfortable, the physician murmured. I can give him something to take his mind from the pain, but I cannot take the pain. Before the guard or myself could beg for a miracle from a man unable to give us one, the door swung open, and in walked my uncle, Lord Protector, in his customary black tunic and hose. My Lord, the physician bowed as the guard sprang to attention. My uncle swept passed the man and knelt at my brother s bedside. Your High ness. His voice was a soft, sad whisper. Can you hear me? My brother turned his head, and let out a wail of pain as he did. U-uncle? he gasped out. Uncle, please. The pain... My uncle turned his head to the physician, despair written upon his face. Good sir, tell me there is hope. The physician paled. To answer that question was damning, and well we all knew it. If he were wrong, his reputation would be ruined, and his very life could be in danger. Tell me true, man!
Monday, December 16, 2019
Macbeth- the Destruction of Power Free Essays
Within William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play, ââ¬ËMacbethââ¬â¢, the destructive nature of power is immensely explored. The nature of power is obliquely and inevitably expressed through Macbethââ¬â¢s ambitious drive for supremacy, the unknown and distraught notion of fate and free will, as well as a personal reaction towards the concept of power. Although, the majority of the play is based on the destructive nature of power, the moral nature of power is also portrayed, in spite of the evil. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth- the Destruction of Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Macbeth was naturally an ambitious man, who constantly desired more. However, he was greatly influenced by his wife Lady Macbeth, for in the beginning Macbethââ¬â¢s nature was ââ¬Å"too full o[f] the milk of human kindnessâ⬠. Lady Macbethââ¬â¢s provocation encouraged the evil residing in Macbeth and his ambition only increased ââ¬Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which oââ¬â¢erleaps itself and falls on the other. â⬠The weird sisters were aware of his overpowering determination and were able to manipulate him into believing he had the potential to gain ââ¬Å"absolute powerâ⬠. Via these strong influences and his unfathomable ambition, Macbeth went to great extents to retrieve ultimate power, essentially transforming into a tyrant within the process. Macbethââ¬â¢s level of free will is questionable, for it seems that despite the triggers of his ferocious actions, he was an exceptionally hubris man. The witches can be depicted as advocators for fate, rather than fate itself and with the support of manipulation, they were able to convert Macbeth into an ignorant autocrat. ââ¬Å"Fair is foul and foul is Fair. Weird sisterââ¬â¢s prophecies were not what they seemed. Although, Macbeth received various triggers that led to his destiny, it is likely that he would have received the same fate, had the witches not interfered. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll make assurance double sure, And take a bond of fate. â⬠Macbeth attempts to control fate by murdering his possible threats to power. Macbeth was ambitious at heart and clearly a power driven man, whom takes pride i n his masculinity and in essence already on the pathway to destruction. Macbeth was too focused on gaining his own power and control, to comprehend the issues arising against him. As Macbeth aspired to optimum power, he gradually began to dehumanise. ââ¬Å"What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? â⬠Lady Macbeth questions whether the guilt and anxiety of murdering these loyal people was worth the power or lack of it. The weird sisters manipulated Macbeth into believing he was invincible, resulting in irrational acts of terrorism against the people of Scotland. Murder, betrayal, torture and cruelty were inflicted upon all of Macbethââ¬â¢s followers on a regular basis, whom were forced to obey him. ââ¬Å"I am in blood, stepped in so far, that, should I wade no moreâ⬠Macbeth went too far, to withdraw and developed into a tyrannical leader for the simple reason he had the power to do so. What he chose to do with his power lead to his corruption, although, not all choose the wrong path. There are some individuals born to lead and gain power, with the intention of goodness and then there are others who do not retain the ability to effectively control their power. Duncan and Malcolm both emanate morality, with the aspiration to improve and support their country, Scotland. ââ¬Å"But I must also feel it as a man,â⬠Malcolm exclaims as he understands he must feel compassion In order to become a respectable leader. The destructive nature of power is explored in many aspects throughout the play, for each individual reacts differently. Macbeth was ambitious at heart and easily influenced to commit such brutality against his own people. However, Malcolm and Duncan were able to harness and control their power with intention of supporting their country to the best of their abilities. Macbethââ¬â¢s fate seemed inevitable despite the weird sisterââ¬â¢s interference, for he already retained the qualities of an ambitious tyrant. Macbeth ultimately desired power with fierce determination and eventually received it. Once he had acquired all power, he became ignorant and apparently ââ¬Ëinvincibleââ¬â¢ ultimately resulting in his destruction. How to cite Macbeth- the Destruction of Power, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Community Management and Organizations Business IT
Question: Describe about the Community Management and Organizations for Business IT. Answer: Introduction Sydney College of Business and IT (SCBIT) was founded by senior professionals in management, business, and IT sector. They had vast knowledge in teaching, learning, and management. They have the goal to provide students of Australia as well as international students at a price which they could afford. SCBIT caters students of all capability whether the student is a high ranked or failed to crack the entrance of the other universities by their unique pathway of degree linked program. Prepare to integrate sustainability into the planning and design stages of an ICT project Negotiation with SCBIT stakeholders In various aspects of the college improvement can be made with the use of technology. The field where the ICT can be integrated within the college can be the areas of getting over the barriers for effective teaching, filling gaps in students learning, and getting over the barrier of information management (Erstad, 2005). SCBIT can take the help of effective classroom to propagate its teachings better, so as to attain its goals. There are some teachers who lack the knowledge of the subjects they are teaching and have very less understanding of better practices in the classroom. All these could be covered by the setup of ICT programs such as Interaction through radio, or educational programs or animation broadcast programs. The college can take the help of the governments Education System through Management of Information to get computers installed within the SCBIT campus (Erstad, 2005). Evaluation of ICT projects Projects that takes the use of technology in the college which can be in the form of radio, mobile phones, video, or even computers. But the main goal behind selecting a project must be that it does strengthen the educational infrastructure of the college. Once the project is selected and established it can support a variety of activities. The infrastructure should be composed of networking and real hard working with computer and broadband facilities for every stream pursued in SCBIT (Lannon, 2015). Research and identify suitable technology According to research, there are mixed results about the impact of the internet and computer use, interactive radio, and the other specific tools which have shown their ability to increase the basic skills. The Equity and Fundamental Levels project has helped reduce the gap between urban and rural students in management skills. The INTALQ project helps the learners visualize the various IT projects as for instance observing the changes and building their understanding of the key concepts (Lannon, 2015). Power consumption data Energy Audit refers to AS/NZ 3598:2000, Level 1 consumption benchmark, Level 2 economic analysis, Level 3 preliminary assessment. The Agreed standard includes BS EN 16001:2009 Management of Energy systems, AS/NZ 3598:2000 or whichever latest version available, environment ISO 14001:2004 (Backlund and Thollander, 2015). Devise strategies for incorporating sustainability into an ICT project Determine implementation of short-term technology solutions The short term technology solutions include hardware which is energy sufficient, hibernation of LCD monitor, hard drive, and workstation, remote management of energy, multifunction devices, and the use of video conference technology. Before the setup, the detailed report should include improvements in energy efficiency, financial returns, and practices which save energy, a graphical representation of the energy use, the records of energy consumption, the cost of implementation and payback periods (Radu, 2016). Progress sustainable management principles It is very important that the networks and computer stay functional throughout the project running phase. All the repairing costs of the hardware are included within the vendor's warranty in the first year but services included in onsite maintenance and technical support makes sure that the technology is in notch condition in SCBIT (Radu, 2016). The maintenance agreements may vary along with procurement. There are many colleges in Australia whose computer projects are supplied by national representatives or multinational vendors, who would address the hardware maintenance by service agreements and two three years warranties. Regular review and improve key performance indicators (KPI) on sustainability performance The performance of institutions using ICT has improved. To review and improve the KPIs the sustainability plan should be regularly be reviewed and efforts should be made to improve them, the communication networks should be well established and new opportunities should be investigated (Ling and Peh, 2005). The plan should demonstrate that the college is getting to its goals and the all the other aspects that it earlier set forward. SCBIT should open new corridors to evaluate and integrate new and upcoming opportunities and thus allow the institution to grow (Ling and Peh, 2005). Innovative planning and design rules for environmental best practice Conservation and management of resource sustainably are important thus the plans should be designed in such a way that there is minimum environmental impact due to the campus, the staffs should be well trained and educated about environment awareness, and the choices and actions of the community be changed. Benchmarks should be set to monitor the impact on the environment. The observations are able to determine whether the environmental improvements plans are working and to what extent are its effects. The students and the teachers should be aware of the actions and choices which give additional signals to the environmental goals being achieved (Walliser et al., 2012). Analyze energy audit data Energy usage within the scope of the ICT project Hardware Cost URL Average power Server $300 www.geneic.com 49 watts idle Switch 24 Port TP-Link $100 www.digistars.com.au Idle 6 -7 watts Thin Client x 1 n/a Est. $30 www.baystore.com 10 watts Modem/router $150 www.routerworld.com.au 7 watts + 2 watts for dongle Printer $30 www.amazon.com.au Idle 10 -16 watts Monitor HP compact $35 www.amazon.com 20 watts (each) Thin Client x 1 Ultra Thin Y210 $75 www.ixpress.com 6 watts (each) TOTAL $720 117 watts (Server + 2 thin clients + 3 monitors+ printer) COST $0.86 per day (Fleiter, Schleich and Ravivanpong, 2012) Estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for the nominated project Equipment Avg. Energy Total proportion Yearly CO2 Emissions Desktop Equipment 48 Watts (2x Thin Clients + monitors) 38% n/a Collective Equipment 50 Watts (Server + Router + Switch) 52% n/a Lithography Equipment 12 Watts (1x printer) 10% n/a (Fleiter, Schleich and Ravivanpong, 2012) Evaluate the estimated CO2 emissions with comparable benchmarks Hardware Types Recommendation energy saving potential Price Payback Estimation Desktop Equipment New Equipment 50%+ $429 each 2 Collective Equipment New equipment. 20-50% $1500 1 Lithography Equipment New Equipment 30-50% $330+ 3 (Hondo, Sakai and Tanno, 2002) Recommendations A green printer is recommended for the college. The HDD servers should be replaced with SSD. The server MB should be replaced with quad-core RAM of 32 GB which has the capacity of 64+ thin clients. The old monitors should be replaced with new ones, more priority should be given on green printing and cloud services (Hondo, Sakai and Tanno, 2002). References Backlund, S. and Thollander, P. (2015). Impact after three years of the Swedish energy audit program.Energy, 82, pp.54-60. Erstad, O. (2005). Expanding Possibilities: Project Work Using ICT.Human Technology: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments, 1(2), pp.216-245. Fleiter, T., Schleich, J. and Ravivanpong, P. (2012). Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEsAn empirical analysis based on energy audit data from Germany.Energy Policy, 51, pp.863-875. Hondo, H., Sakai, S. and Tanno, S. (2002). Sensitivity analysis of total CO2 emission intensities estimated using an inputoutput table.Applied Energy, 72(3-4), pp.689-704. Lannon, J. (2015). An evaluation framework for ICT capacity building projects: Action research in Armenia.Information Development, 32(5), pp.1585-1599. Ling, F. and Peh, S. (2005). Key Performance Indicators For Measuring Contractors' Performance.Architectural Science Review, 48(4), pp.357-365. Radu, L. (2016). Determinants of Green ICT Adoption in Organizations: A Theoretical Perspective.Sustainability, 8(8), p.731. Walliser, A., Rajkovich, N., Forester, J., Friesen, C., Malbert, B., Nolmark, H., Williams, J., Wheeler, S., Segar, R., Utzinger, M., Swenson, S., Grandal, I., Verdaguer, C., Larsen, L. and Young, R. (2012). Exploring the Challenges of Environmental Planning and Green Design: Cases from Europe and the USA Renovating to Passive Housing in the Swedish Million Programme Regulative, facilitative and strategic contributions of planning to achieving low carbon development West Village: Development of a New Ecological Neighborhood in Davis, California The Aldo Leopold Legacy Center: Expanding the Definition of Community in Carbon Management Low carbon developments as laboratories of innovative planning tools Integrated planning for ecological urban regeneration Behind the Green Curtain: Shifting Goals and Shifting Roles Creating Post-Carbon Communities: The Return of the Public Sector.Planning Theory Practice, 13(1), pp.113-174.
Saturday, November 30, 2019
The Us Economy Since the 1990s Boom and Bust free essay sample
President Clinton took office in 1993, and set out to bring free trade to the US with the passage of NAFTA in 1994, an agreement that continues to be debated (Reuters. com, 2008). The Clinton way, however, was a break from the supply side Reaganomics of the 1980ââ¬â¢s, as democrats set out to balance the budget and create a federal surplus. In 1994 the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announced changes in its policy stance, and In 1995 began to explicitly announce the target level for the Fed Funds Rate, which was on its way to 6%. Inflation was low, and unemployment dropped below 5% for the first time in years. The late 1990s were booming, the internet was taking off, and high tech IPOââ¬â¢s continued to hit the market at a healthy pace. (reuters. com, 2008) The 1997 Asian Financial crisis would also prove a boon to financial markets, and the overall US economy. Investors around the world would shun faltering Asian currencies, flocking to the stable booming US markets. We will write a custom essay sample on The Us Economy Since the 1990s Boom and Bust or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, high interest rates on US securities would further attract the growing influx of foreign investment (fas. org, 2008). The US Bond rate in 1997 would reach 6. 7% (federalreserve. gov, 2008). In 1998, in a move coined the Greenspan Put, the Federal Reserve chair orchestrated a financial bailout of the hedge fund: Long Term Capital Management (LTCM), to preserve liquidity in the Capital Markets. Critics of the move, at that time, claimed it created a moral hazard, encouraging banks to assume more risk if they knew the Fed was willing to bail them out. Interestingly, some of those criticsââ¬â¢ predictions may ring true today as we see the financial sector struggle. (goldmoney. com, 1998) By late in the nineties however, markets were soaring with the dot com boom, and the SP 500 Index had grown to triple in size. But this economy was overheated, and by 2000 markets would begin to give back a hefty 50%-75% of their gains. President George W. Bush took office, and by 2000 the Fed Funds Rate was at 6. 5%, still lower than where it had begun the decade, but times were about to change. 2000 GDP output was a mere . 3%, unemployment was on the rise again, and businesses were failing. Then came the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, stock markets went into a free fall, and the economy was pushed into recession. By 2003 the Fed Funds Rate was brought to historic lows of only 0. 75%. All told however, the nineties were a historic period of peacetime expansion in the US economy. (UStreas. gov, 2008) Current Challenges with Fiscal and Monetary Policy The current economy has been experiencing a very different kind of growth as compared to the booming nineties. Inflation has been a constant risk, the housing market is in a great depression style downturn, and the cost of commodities is soaring. As some critics predicted in the previous decade, banks have taken on more risk of late. And, we have seen a modern day run on the bank situation with the collapse of investment bank Bear Stearns.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Tradgedy in the commons essays
Tradgedy in the commons essays There has been growing concern about the environment and what is safe and not safe. "Several new programs aimed at protesting the environment and human health, have been initiated under the 1990 Amendments to the clean air act" (Chicago). But what is it exactly that is really wrong with the environment.. Well, its the people who need to get around using things such as cars that give off pollutants into our atmosphere. The wants and needs of society grow mainly because of population expansion and a growing desire for a more comfortable life. But is the U.S. only dealing with this? Beijing has been proven to be the worlds smoggiest city. The air has diminished so severely that Premier Zhu Rongii and other top leaders have made major cleanup measures. Tiny little vans called an Miandi have been one of the major causes of poor air quality. Although they call for less then 2% of the more then 1.4 million vehicles, they are the sources of 8-10% of the pollution because of their auto gases. The other factors of pollution in Beijing are the restaurants and businesses that use coal to fuel their stoves (Beijing). However, the question is not what caused the pollution but how we will stop it. There are 2 good answers for Beijing. One is to convert the coal burning stoves into stoves that use cleaner fuels. The second is a company that is trying to crack down on pollution called Capital Steel. Capital Steel has been a long time target of environmentalists and by 2003 they plan to spend $100 million on pollution prevention (Beijing). On the other hand, in the US the Environmental Protection Agency has been enforcing air pollution standards on S.U.V.s, pickups, and mini-vans. The effects of these standards are the rising costs of motor vehicles. The EPA had estimated that these standards will increase the cost of cars on average $100 and trucks about $200 (Trucks). There is a problem however, with creating cars that give off n ...
Friday, November 22, 2019
Using Standard Normal Distribution in Mathematics
Using Standard Normal Distribution in Mathematics The standard normal distribution, which is more commonly known as the bell curve, shows up in a variety of places. Several different sources of data are normally distributed. As a result of this fact, our knowledge about the standard normal distribution can be used in a number of applications. But we do not need to work with a different normal distribution for every application. Instead, we work with a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. We will look at a few applications of this distribution that are all tied to one particular problem. Example Suppose that we are told that the heights of adult males in a particular region of the world are normally distributed with a mean of 70 inches and a standard deviation of 2 inches. Approximately what proportion of adult males are taller than 73 inches?What proportion of adult males are between 72 and 73 inches?What height corresponds to the point where 20% of all adult males are greater than this height?What height corresponds to the point where 20% of all adult males are less than this height? Solutions Before continuing on, be sure to stop and go over your work. A detailed explanation of each of these problems follows below: We use our z-score formula to convert 73 to a standardized score. Here we calculate (73 ââ¬â 70) / 2 1.5. So the question becomes: what is the area under the standard normal distribution for z greater than 1.5? Consulting our table of z-scores shows us that 0.933 93.3% of the distribution of data is less than z 1.5. Therefore 100% - 93.3% 6.7% of adult males are taller than 73 inches.Here we convert our heights to a standardized z-score. We have seen that 73 has a z score of 1.5. The z-score of 72 is (72 ââ¬â 70) / 2 1. Thus we are looking for the area under the normal distribution for 1z 1.5. A quick check of the normal distribution table shows that this proportion is 0.933 ââ¬â 0.841 0.092 9.2%Here the question is reversed from what we have already considered. Now we look up in our table to find a z-score Z* that corresponds to an area of 0.200 above. For use in our table, we note that this is where 0.800 is below. When we look at the table, we see that z* 0.84 . We must now convert this z-score to a height. Since 0.84 (x ââ¬â 70) / 2, this means that x 71.68 inches. We can use the symmetry of the normal distribution and save ourselves the trouble of looking up the value z*. Instead of z* 0.84, we have -0.84 (x ââ¬â 70)/2. Thus x 68.32 inches. The area of the shaded region to the left of z in the diagram above demonstrates these problems. These equations represent probabilities and have numerous applications in statistics and probability.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Case study about ( investigation for individual learning Essay
Case study about ( investigation for individual learning style,strategies, motivation and needs) - Essay Example She has some good knowledge in Japanese language as well, which she studied for one and half years before abandoning the course. Therefore, in total, she knows three languages that are Thai (Native Language), English (Second Language) and Japanese (Second Language). English language is the second language she is currently learning. In the background questionnaire, she informed that she began her first experiences in learning English in primary school where it was incorporated in the Thailand educational curriculum. Chutimonââ¬â¢s learning of English can be divided into three distinct phases that are based on her varying needs and the environment where the learning occurs at each instance. Chutimon is an instrumental English learner and her dream is to work internationally in matters concerning business. She considers learning English as crucial in enabling her to deliver well in her future career where she expects to interact with people belonging to different nationalities. English is part of the Thai educational curriculum and is incorporated in school programs, so the first learning phase of Chutimon started at primary level, which was quite preliminary. Later on, she joined Kaplan International College in the UK where she got enrolled for a five-month course in English. This formed the second phase of her learning process. While at Kaplan International College, her passion for learning English was still driven by the need to improve her proficiency and she was to learn English language in an interactive environment by corresponding with the native English speakers and other international students. Kaplan provided her with good learning environment. After completing that five months English learning course, she reached the last phase of her learning when she got 5.5 in IELTS exam and passed the pre-sessional course, then enrolled for a masterââ¬â¢s degree in International Business in Manchester Metropolitan University. During the interview
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Engineering Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Engineering Disasters - Essay Example Undeniably, engineering knowhow so far has immensely contributed to humanityââ¬â¢s wellbeing in diverse and numerous areas. This has enabled people to execute their tasks with heightened efficiency, speed and even producing varied products meant to support humanityââ¬â¢s survival. Some of these products include drugs, processed foodstuffs, vehicles and aircrafts. The Japanese Fukushima reactor meltdown incidence occurred due to manmade errors and carelessness (Girard 342). This is contrary to numerous claims especially from the government citing that the then coincidental earthquake exacerbated the incidence. According to the expertsââ¬â¢ report, the government via its experts failed to utilize new and effective reactor designs. These could have ensured effective coolant regulation in the plant whose location was in a flood prone region. Hence, enable the nuclear plant to withstand the then severe earthquakeââ¬â¢s pressure. Besides, the required designs would have prevented the subsequent Tsunamiââ¬â¢s force, which severed the Fukushimaââ¬â¢s power connections leading to the reactorsââ¬â¢ overheating (Girard 342). Overheating led to the melting of reactors, which caused them to dispose their radioactive contents into the environment. This posed a hazard to both the inhabitants and other microorganisms in the region (Girard 342) . Bostonââ¬â¢s Big Dig Ceiling Collapse incidence presents another example of a structural failure (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). The incidence occurred due to engineersââ¬â¢ negligence, whereas the local authorities failed to execute the necessary construction policies. According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation report, Powers Fasteners Inc. knowingly supplied fast set epoxy instead of the standard fastening (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235).... knowingly supplied fast set epoxy instead of the standard fastening (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Fast set epoxy is a ceiling fastener used for short-term structures, which engineers used at the site despite being aware of the productââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"creepâ⬠and ââ¬Å"deformationâ⬠nature (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Consequently, this inappropriate and erroneous use of materials prompted the 26 ton suspended ceiling concrete collapse onto a passing car and killing the driver (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Besides, in their report NTSB contend the siteââ¬â¢s contractors together with their engineers contributed to the structureââ¬â¢s collapsing. Since, they failed to utilize their experience and knowledge to unveil the fastening product type early in advance. Therefore, in this incidence despite the legal authorities claiming Powers Company played a significant role, siteââ¬â¢s engineers exhibited negligence and carelessness though not indicted by the law (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Engineersââ¬â¢ professional misconduct is also evident in the Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse incidence that occurred on 17Th July 1981 (Whitbeck 173). The incidence led to the demise of 114 people besides 200 others sustaining grievous injuries. Before the incidenceââ¬â¢s occurrence, people were in a tea party whereas others standing on the two walkways. The two connected walkways collapsed onto the credulous people who were busy enjoying themselves whereas others holding individual conversations (Whitbeck 173). This incidence to date marks the worst structural failure in the US history in terms of human life loss and injuries sustained (Whitbeck 173). The investigators of this incidence cited the
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Social historical background Essay Example for Free
Social historical background Essay Religious festivals were celebrated in Athens to pay homage to the God Dionysus, the patron of wine. He brought joy and fun but rage and thoughtlessness too. This is similar to the effects of wine on people; wine makes people either happy or thoughtless. Dionysus died in winter and was reborn in spring. The festival took place for five days in spring to worship the rebirth of Dionysus and grape vines. In the mind of an ancient Greek person, the theatre was a product of Dionysus. Therefore Sophocles, when writing the play, included a scene of thanks to Dionysus which the chorus perform. This would have been interpreted by the Athenians as a noble inclusion and made Sophocles popular. The festival evolved from the rural town of Dionysia. In the large cities dramatic performances took place. The dramatic element developed when competitions called for playwrights to design plays and showcase them at the festivals. Two popular forms of drama materialised from these competitions: Tragedy and comedy. Tragedies aimed to teach religious lessons. Sophocles was a tragic playwright and his play Antigone is an example of this. Comedies were seen as trivial and a waste of time to ancient Greeks. Comedies joked about the gods and intellectuals, albeit in a respectful manner. The theatre in ancient Athens had the ability to teach moral lessons, inform of contemporary issues or amuse. It was a powerful tool and was used by governments/polis to influence peoples opinions and keep their populations up to date with current affairs. For this reason the government encouraged all men to go to the theatre. Those who could not afford to go were even offered free grants. Antigone was aimed at an Athenian audience. The play showed the downfall of man and highlighted how bad Thebes was. Athens was a democracy whilst Thebes was under dictatorship. Men visiting the theatre would see how oppressive the life of a Theban was thus increasing support for democracy. This mattered to the local polis because if the people were against a partys ideas they would not be elected in further terms. Role of Women in Society A woman was meant to be obedient to the ruling man in her life. Once a girl reached thirteen years of age she was negotiable for marriage. Women in Athens were devoid of rights. They could not go out of the house unless it was to see another woman and could not vote or influence the government. Women were not allowed to go to the theatre. The reason women were treated with so much injustice is because they were viewed by men as uncontrollable and wild. However women did play an important part of everyday Athenian life as they ran the house. In some ways men were indebted to women. Although women were generally viewed in this light, the audience of Antigone were ambivialent as to which way they viewed her. Antigone articulates the fears of every Athenian male. She is uncontrollable, untrustworthy. In this way Antigone would have been received negatively in the eyes of an ancient Greek man. However she stands for issues which Athens support such as democracy and the importance of a proper burial. Athenians had deep rooted hate for dictatorship, therefore when Antigone goes against Creon she would have won support for her character. There is ambiguity into which way the audience would have sided, but this was planned. The ambiguity forces the audience to think about the issues and politics of the play. A society at war As Antigone was being created a war was unfolding in the Peloponnese area. This was occurring as a result of a long dispute between the alliances of Sparta and Athens. Thebes was one of Spartas allies, thus was against Athens. Sophocles might use Thebes as the setting of the play as Athenians were against the city thus building more support for the city of Athens. The issue of war was contemporary, therefore the Athenian government would have wished to have it discussed in Athens favour at the amphitheatre. Sophocles and fellow Athenian men would have no doubt been adversely affected by the war. Sophocles might be trying to show that there are undesirable affecs from a war. After all, the incidents did start off when Polynices attacked Athens. Therefore, Sophocles might be trying to show that the war affects not only a nation as a whole but individual circumstances such as families and relationships. In an Athenian audience, Creon might have been viewed negatively given the fact that he was against everything that Athens stood for; Athens was a democracy whilst Thebes was an Oligarchy. An Oligarchy is a government ruled by a few influential members and is the opposite to a democracy. When Creon goes against the rules of the gods, the audience would have interpreted this negatviely. Although he punished Antigone for going against his word, which might have won him support, the crime he is punishing her for is not a crime but an action of respect for the dead. The Influence of the Gods Zeus was the final son of Cronus and Rhea. The other children, upon birth, were swallowed by their father, Cronus, as he was afraid they would overcome him. However, when Zeus was born he was hidden by his mother inside a cave, and Cronus was given a rock, disguised as a baby, to swallow. When Zeus grew up, he ordered his father to regurgitate the stone and his siblings. The male children overcame Cronus and divided up the world. Zeus became the God of Gods for doing what was right, and received the skies and the heavens. Poseidon and Hades received the sea and the underworld respectively. As Zeus was the king of Gods he was worshipped by all. Zeus was revered and respected for if he was not, he was known out of anger to throw bolts of lightning to the ground. Just the mention of going against Zeus would have caused outcry. Antigone shows reverance to Hades, god of the underworld. Hades role was to ensure entry to the underworld occurred rightfully. It was believed when a Greek person died they crossed the river of Acheron, river of life, from the baks of life to the banks of death by boat. In order to traverse the river they had to be given their rites, buried and have a coin under their tongue to pay the boats captain, Charon. This job was carried out by women and is the reason why Antigone feels so passionately about burying her brother. If a person was left unburied or lacked the coin under their mouth, they would roam the banks of life and could not cross to the banks of death. Therefore when Polynices is not buried he is left to roam the lands, so Antigone goes to give him the burial he deserves. The Playwright Sophocles was one of Ancient Greeces greatest playwrights. The reason that Sophocles was such a good playwright is because he had an ability to rebel conventional drama and produce plays that provoke debate. In Antigone, he gives the genuine thoughts and feelings of women in ancient Greece, which must have been difficult seeing as men and women were so detached. Apart from being a playwright, Sophocles was a politician and an Athenian General. He played an active part against the allies of Sparta in the Peloponnesian war and was a hero for Athens. Antigones base is war, the war fought between two brothers, between family members or father and son. As Sophocles had so much experience in war this story would have greatly appealed to him. The Oedipus Curse Oedipus is cursed to wed his mother and kill his father. The curse is a result of Oedipus father raping a young boy. Oedipus fulfills the curse and impregnates his mother with four children. When Oedipus finds out what he has done he blinds himself and his wife/mother commits suicide. Oedipus then abdicates his role as king to his two sons, Etocles and Polynices. Prior to the play, the curse is inherited by the sons as a manifestation of jealousy; both wish to be king but cannot. They decide that every year they will alternate who is monarch. Etocles is first to rule for one year but will not hand over power when Polynices turn arrives. A fight ensues and the brothers kill eachother. An audience, upon learning the characters were descendants of the incestuous Oedipus, would have perceived Antigone and her sister as filthy, cursed individuals. The audience would expect the characters to commit grave and shocking crimes. The audiences expectations come true when Antigone disobeys Creon. However, Creon might have also been expected to fail as he was Oedipus brother. When Sophocles makes the characters do what the audience expect, the audience would have interpreted this as curses never die and are inherited by ones family. The audience would have evoked a response of fear. The Life and Times of a greek citizen Men were either politicians, farmers or fighters whilst women brought up the family and helped religious festivals. This extraneous work and the lack of medicinal resources meant that people had a short life span. Even healthy people could die prematurely by an illness or disease. To combat this citizens ate healthy and exorcised. A meal was simple but full of vitamins, vegetables and oil. The family of an Athenian was very important and was built on love. Therefore, when the Athenian audience saw the fueds in Antigones Theban family, the royal family, they would have been disgusted to think people were being led by such a bad example. Thebes was located inland whilst Athens was located near the sea. This made Athens naval fleet useless when it came to attacking Thebes, whilst Thebes naval fleet caused havoc on Athens. Argos is located south of both Thebes and Athens, near the sea and was a neutral territory. Greek at this time would have been a nation under war. Greeks people would have been proud of their territory yet scared of invasion. Athens, Argos and Thebes were in the Peloponnese area.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
The Jungle :: essays research papers
Part I In the book The Jungle, there are many characters. The major character is Jurgis Rudkus. The book revolves around his life in Packingtown. Jurgis is originally from Lithuania. When we first meet him he appears as very large and powerful. He has a wife, Ona Lukoszaite, and a son named Antanas. Mike Skully is the powerful political leader in Packingtown. Phil Connor is a foreman in Packingtown ââ¬Å"politically connectedâ⬠through Skully and causes much trouble for Jurgis. Jack Duane is an experienced and educated criminal who is also ââ¬Å"politically connectedâ⬠. A man named Ostrinski is a half blind tailor who teachers Jurgis about socialism. There are also members of Onaââ¬â¢s family who play minor roles in the story. The story opens with a feast at Jurgis and Onaââ¬â¢s wedding in America. They have a wedding feast after the ceremony. This is where Ona hopes her and Jurgis get some money. To their surprise, the young do not observe the tradition of giving m oney to the bride to help pay for the feast. Ona becomes worried that they are not going have enough money, but Jurgis simply replies by saying ââ¬Å"I will work harderâ⬠. The story then flashbacks to how the two first met. Jurgis met Ona at a horse fair, and they fell in love. They were too poor to have a wedding because Onaââ¬â¢s father had died. In hopes of finding freedom and fortune, they left for America, bringing several members of Onaââ¬â¢s family with them. As soon as Jurgis and his family arrive in America they are faced with a problem. They do not speak English and get lost. Finally, they get a cab. They are let off at the yards and bump into Jonasââ¬â¢s friend. He finds them a place to stay in Packingtown. It is a section of Chicago where the meat packing industry is centralized. Jurgis tours the plant and sees the efficiency. No part of the animal is wasted. The tour guide specifically says, ââ¬Å" they use everything about the hog except the squeal,â⠬ (The Jungle, pg. 38). Jurgis quickly gets a job, on the cattle killing beds. The other members of the family soon find jobs, except for the children. They are put in schools. Jurgis and Ona decide that they want a home because they do not like where they are staying now. They arrange to see one of the houses. The Jungle :: essays research papers Part I In the book The Jungle, there are many characters. The major character is Jurgis Rudkus. The book revolves around his life in Packingtown. Jurgis is originally from Lithuania. When we first meet him he appears as very large and powerful. He has a wife, Ona Lukoszaite, and a son named Antanas. Mike Skully is the powerful political leader in Packingtown. Phil Connor is a foreman in Packingtown ââ¬Å"politically connectedâ⬠through Skully and causes much trouble for Jurgis. Jack Duane is an experienced and educated criminal who is also ââ¬Å"politically connectedâ⬠. A man named Ostrinski is a half blind tailor who teachers Jurgis about socialism. There are also members of Onaââ¬â¢s family who play minor roles in the story. The story opens with a feast at Jurgis and Onaââ¬â¢s wedding in America. They have a wedding feast after the ceremony. This is where Ona hopes her and Jurgis get some money. To their surprise, the young do not observe the tradition of giving m oney to the bride to help pay for the feast. Ona becomes worried that they are not going have enough money, but Jurgis simply replies by saying ââ¬Å"I will work harderâ⬠. The story then flashbacks to how the two first met. Jurgis met Ona at a horse fair, and they fell in love. They were too poor to have a wedding because Onaââ¬â¢s father had died. In hopes of finding freedom and fortune, they left for America, bringing several members of Onaââ¬â¢s family with them. As soon as Jurgis and his family arrive in America they are faced with a problem. They do not speak English and get lost. Finally, they get a cab. They are let off at the yards and bump into Jonasââ¬â¢s friend. He finds them a place to stay in Packingtown. It is a section of Chicago where the meat packing industry is centralized. Jurgis tours the plant and sees the efficiency. No part of the animal is wasted. The tour guide specifically says, ââ¬Å" they use everything about the hog except the squeal,â⠬ (The Jungle, pg. 38). Jurgis quickly gets a job, on the cattle killing beds. The other members of the family soon find jobs, except for the children. They are put in schools. Jurgis and Ona decide that they want a home because they do not like where they are staying now. They arrange to see one of the houses.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Theories of Crime
Describe how you think Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States should be conducted. Intelligence-led policing is the latest means by which police authorities solve crimes instead of acting only after a crime has been consummated (ââ¬Å"Intelligence-Led Policing in the United Statesâ⬠). This shift from the old practice needs more development in order to cope up with the changing technological advancement around the world. Besides, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, made this revolution essential.I know that such huge attack in the United States became successful because of negligence and underestimating the capabilities of criminals in using technology to evade the law. For me, there are three ways wherein intelligence-led policing should be conducted in the United States. First, there should be constant look-out of people coming in the country and going out of the same. The possibility of criminals coming in the country not detected by the police is high due to their networks and resources.Second, there should be a more effective system wherein all intelligence units across the country could interact directly through the development of technology to that effect. And third, all suspicious and non-suspicious but possible perpetrators must be constantly monitored for possible crime or terrorism activities, and such action must be done in accordance with law. Specifically, how would you recommend setting up the intelligence community in the United States?Globalization, fast-tracked by development in technology and transportation, has transformed the world smaller for criminals and bigger for state and local law enforcement (ââ¬Å"Intelligence-Led Policing)â⬠. In that sense, setting up the domestic intelligence or the FBI must be magnified to the effect that it is no longer limited to domestic perpetrators but to all their possible accomplices and accessories within the country.The CIA, which is the foreign intelligence must focus on sma ll groups of individual who are capable of consummating criminal acts and study their possible allies and supporters. The role of the militaries is vital in having access to these groups of criminals as they are capable to use bigger force to solve crimes. It would be better if a unified action be made in every intelligence reports received by all authorities in order to prevent commission of crimes against national security and individual well-being.References Suburban Emergency Management Project. 2007. Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www. semp. us/publications/biot_ reader. php? BiotID=474. Bureau of Justice Assistance. 2009. Intelligence-Led Policing. Retrieved July 22, 2009, http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/topics/ilp. html.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
The Alchemist Mood
Besides language, techniques to convey purpose in the alchemis: Through concrete diction and imagery, Paulo Coelho exhibits his purpose in writing the Alchemist and supplies an ambience in which the readers are prompted to learn and evaluate their own relationships, dreams, feel hope and ambition. Since the novel has a very serene tone, Coelho uses dictation to add interest to the novel. When a reader can visualize a situation, they can more easily relate to it by connecting memories that they have to those Santiago is experiencing in the novel.Coelho uses concrete dictation by showing a situation instead of just telling it to the readers. In order to do this he has to use very descriptive language. Once the reader can picture Santiagoââ¬â¢s emotions, they are free to interpret the lessons taught into their own circumstances. In Coelhoââ¬â¢s novel, the setting has a lot to do with the emotions and lessons learned. Santiago achieves his personal legend of discovering who he is t hrough the desert and acceptance of his conditions.The way that Coelho teaches his lessons to Santiago and the readers is by connecting them to forces of nature. ââ¬Å"Treasure is uncovered by the force of flowing water, and it is buried by the same currents. â⬠(p. 24). The readers are comfortable with the thought of nature and can connect the lessons by picturing something that they are familiar with. Imagery and symbolism are highly connected in the Alchemist. Coelho uses a desert to represent the mind of Santiago.On his travels through the desert, he is given peace and quiet to think about his own life; to meditate. As the readers progress in his adventure with him, they learn things about Santiago as he learns them. This is because Coelho uses dictation and imagery to help the readers and Santiago visualize themselves in relatable situations and uses the techniques to create a tranquil mood in his book, The Alchemist.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Historical Inacuraccys In The 1954 Film ALexander The Great
Historical Inacuraccys In The 1954 Film ALexander The Great Historical Inacuraccys In The 1954 Film ALexander The Great The 1954 Film Alexander the Great was written, directed and produced by Robert Rosser a well renowned director for his time. Rosser employed a cast of first-rank British and American actors, and was backed by United Artist who put a lot of money in to the film. He was aiming for a masterpiece, but failed honorably . His depiction of Alexander's early life is relatively historically correct. The second half however, which deals with Alexander's crusades, was both chronologically and geographically erratic and incorrect, hurrying through the battles scenes and missing out important historical facts and even inventing its own. Yet we have to understand that Rosser used many unhistorical elements from Alexander fiction which existed throughout the middle age. Rosser certainly had limitations in telling his story, if he had a larger budget, the technology of today and less (at the time) conventional restriction in telling this story we may have been able to expect a better and more accura te portrayal of Alexander the Greats life .Battle of the Granicus
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Caring for populations Essay Example for Free
Caring for populations Essay A community health nurse must be effective in targeting the population as a whole. The nurse will determine the needs for the community by using the data compiled from a windshield survey. As stated in the text, ââ¬Å"A population focus also involves a scientific approach to community health nursing: an assessment of the community or population is necessary and basic to planning, intervention, and evaluation for the individual, family, aggregate, and population levelsâ⬠(Nies & McEwen, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to establish a priority health problem of the community of Harlingen, based on demographic, epidemiological data and a windshield survey of the area. The community assessment for this project is Harlingen, Texas. According to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, its population is about 64,918 of which 47.8% are male and 52.2% are female. The density is approximately 1629.1 residents per square mile. The racial makeup is 1.0% Black or African American, 79.5% Hispanic or Latino, 18.0% White, 1.9% from two or more races, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Native American. The median household income, 2008-2012 was $34,096 in Harlingen, compared to $51,563 in the state of Texas. The percentage of persons below poverty level from 2008-2012 was 33.2% in Harlingen, compared to 17.4% in Texas. The city of Harlingen is in the center of the Rio Grande Valley. It is a community which has a transient population of ââ¬Å"Winter Texans.â⬠These Winter Texans are generally retirees from the northern states, who come to the warmer climates to escapeà the winter weather of their home states, usually between November and March. Harlingen has one mall, two medical hospitals and one mental health state facility, two libraries, one community college and numerous schools from primary to high school levels. Demographic and Epidemiological According to the website, County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, for Cameron County in 2014, teen pregnancy is measured by the teen birth rate per 1,000 female population, ages 15-19. The number for Cameron county teen births is 80, the number for Texas as a state is 57. There is poor quality of life in relation to health in Cameron County. 30% of the population has poor or fair health, compared to 18% in Texas. Cameron County also has an adult obesity rate of 27%, 21% of physical inactivity while there is 69% of access to exercise opportunities. 16% of the population suffers from excessive drinking and 396 counts of sexually transmitted infections. 36% of the population is uninsured, 86% graduated high school, 10.5% are unemployed and there are a whopping 48% of children in poverty, which has increased from the 2008-2012 numbers. The top causes of mortality in Texas are diseases of the heart, followed by Cancers and Respiratory diseases. During the observation of Harlingen for the Windshield Survey project, overweight residents were visible. The majority of the population is Hispanics, most were slightly overweight and appear relatively healthy. There are nursing homes and assisted living facilities in the community and they are mainly Hispanic and White older adults who are a mix of thin and frail to obese and unhealthy. Women are seen pushing strollers on the jogging trails, while the young children play in the parks. There are groups of teens who play football and basketball in the same area. In the residential areas, some people can be seen outside maintaining their properties, while other properties are dilapidated. The general appearance of the residents are healthy, with some being overweight. I have seen a few multimedia billboards for the local hospital, which is displaying an ad for bariatric surgery, which is appropriate for the current overweight population. Harlingen has some city parks and Boys and Girls clubs and numerous gyms in the area that are heavily utilized. The restaurants in theà area are mainly along the expressway and lining the few main streets around town. There is no food sold along the street, but people can be seen sitting in the parks eating meals. In Harlingen, the population is overweight Hispanics and Whites who have access to healthcare and wellness measures, as it is advertised constantly. There is adequate transportation and resources available for the population. As stated before, Cameron County has an adult obesity rate of 27%, 21% of physical inactivity while there is 69% of access to exercise opportunities. While the averages for the state of Texas are 29%, 24% and 74%, respectively. Cameron County also has a limited access to healthy foods, 16% and 21% food insecurity and a mere 17% of children are eligible for free lunch. Since Harlingen and Cameron County have high obesity rates compared to the rest of the state, the Healthy People 2020 objectives applicable for Harlingen include: NWS-11 (Developmental) Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adults and NWS-9 Eliminate very low food security among children. (Healthy People 2020, 2014) While these are two distinct objectives they are connected, much education will be need to be done to ensure change. The community needs to be educated and held accountable for their actions, at times they are unaware of how much damage an unhealthy diet can do. The Community Health Nurse must prepare for these challenges and have a good understanding of how to present information that will gain the interest of the population. A community health nurse must be well versed in the numerous efforts that are starting to prevent childhood obesity. There are new physical education requirements, nutrition standards for beverages and foods sold in school, to community initiatives to expand bike paths and improve recreational facilities (Koplan, Liverman &Kraak, 2005). ââ¬Å"Families need to make their homes to more conducive to a healthful diet and daily physical activity (Koplan, Liverman &Kraak, 2005). The nurse will need to get out to the community via health fairs, school assemblies, media outlets, etc. to get the message out there. Education on making healthy choices, getting adequate exercise and making small adjustments to their daily lives will help. According to the article, Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Acrossà Communities in the United States, there was a study that was conducted on 3 years of data from the Bridging the Gap Community Obesity Measures Project. It stated the mean healthier food and beverage ratio was 0.71, meaning that stores averaged 29% fewer healthier than less healthy products. There were less availability of healthy alternatives in Hispanic communities (2014). The community health nurse needs to be an expert in assessing and diagnosing health concerns in the community to be able to set realistic goals that will maintain the health of the population. Health promotion, education and community involvement are crucial. ââ¬Å"Nutritional education is essential and must include parents, teachers, and the childâ⬠(Nies & McEwen, 2011). The community should know and understand the food pyramid, how to make healthy choices and the importance of balancing intake and exercise. References County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/texas/2014/rankings/cameron/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot Koplan, J., Liverman, C.T., Kraak, V.I., & Institute of Medicine, (.(U.S.). (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2011). Community/Public Health Nursing (5th ed.). MO: Elsevier. Nutrition and Weight Status. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/nutrition-and-weight-status/objectives United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4832372.html Zenk,S.N., Powell, L.M., Rimkus, L., Isgor,Z., Barker,D.C., Ohri-Vachaspati,P., & Chaloupka, F. (2014). Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across Communities in the United States. American Journal Of Public He alth, 104(11), 2170-2178. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014-302113 Caring for populations. (2016, Aug 20).
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Covering the measurement and calculation of Real GDP Assignment
Covering the measurement and calculation of Real GDP - Assignment Example The goods as well as the services produced in a certain country and brought to the market have some price. Some experts regard GDP as the price of the total output. The GDP can be calculated in the following ways. Cumulative figure of all income within an economy or the total spending made by all the participating agents within the same economy is referred to as GDP. Both the spending and the income will roughly be the same. It should be kept in king that Gross Domestic product and Gross National product is not the same thing. The market value of the goods as well as services produced within a particular time period by the residents of a particular country is regarded as the GNP. It allocates the production based on the ownership. Three approaches can be used in order to determine the GDP. They are- the income approach, the expenditure approach and the product approach. The product also called as the output approach sums the total produced within the economy in order to attain the va lue of GDP. The expenditure approach assumes that the products produced must be bought by someone and so the total value of the product must be matched by the total expenditure of the people in purchasing things. The last approach takes into consideration that the value of the products must be equal to the incomes of the factors of production. It determines the value of GDP by calculating the sum of the income of the producers. The expenditure method: Where, C= Consumption, I=investment, G=government expenditure, X=exports, M=imports. The reciprocal circulation of income between the producers as well as the consumers is referred as the circular flow of income. From the circular flow of income the following equation is derived: Leakages=Injections (Tucker, 2010, p.429). i.e. S+T+M=I+G+X where, S= net savings, T=net taxes, M= import expenditure, I=Investment, G=government expenditure, X=export expenditure. It following equation can also be derived from the above: (S-I) + (T-G) = (X-M) . If the value of the left hand side of the equation is negative, then it must have been financed from somewhere. The right hand side of the equation denotes the current account balance. Therefore, (S-I) + (T-G) = (X-M) + foreign savings The production method consists of three stages. In the first step the gross value of the output produced domestically is estimated. The second step involves determination of the value of intermediate consumption while in the third step the value of the intermediate consumption is subtracted from the gross value in order to arrive at the net value. The total of the gross added value in various activities related to the economy is referred to as GDP at factor cost. The sum of the indirect taxes and GDP at factor cost subtracted from subsidies will give GDP at producersââ¬â¢ price. There are two methods to determine the gross output of any sector. The gross output can be determined by multiplying the products of each sector with the respective price s prevailing in the market and add them up. It can also be determined by manipulating data on sales as well as inventories from companies records and again add them up. According to the income approach, GDP is calculated by summing up the incomes that firms are required to pay to the households for providing the production factors namely wages, interest, rents as well as profits.
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